How To Host Website At Linode

Updated Monday, September 28th, 2015 by Linode

Now that you’ve installed Linux and secured your Linode, it’s time to start doing stuff with it. In this guide, you’ll learn how to host a website. Start by installing a web server, database, and PHP – a popular combination which is commonly referred to a LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP). Then create or import a database, upload files, and add DNS records. By the time you reach the end of this guide, your Linode will be hosting one or more websites!

Debian 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS are the Linux distributions we’re using as the starting point for the packages and configurations mentioned in this guide.

This guide is designed for small and medium-size websites running on WordPress, Drupal, or another PHP content management system. If your website doesn’t belong in that category, you’ll need to assess your requirements and install custom packages tailored for your particular requirements.

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, you can check our Users and Groups guide.

Web Server

Hosting a website starts with installing a web server, an application on your Linode that delivers content through the Internet. This section will help you get started with Apache, the world’s most popular web server. For more information about Apache and other web servers, see our web server reference manuals.

Installing Apache

Install Apache on your Linode by entering the following command:

1	sudo apt-get install apache2

Your Linode will download, install, and start the Apache web server.

Optimizing Apache for a Linode 1GB

Installing Apache is easy, but if you leave it running with the default settings, your server could run out of memory. That’s why it’s important to optimize Apache before you start hosting a website on your Linode. Here’s how to optimize the Apache web server for a Linode 1GB:

These guidelines are designed to optimize Apache for a Linode 1GB, but you can use this information for any size Linode. The values are based on the amount of memory available, so if you have a Linode 2GB, multiply all of the values by 2 and use those numbers for your settings.

1. Just to be safe, make a copy of Apache’s configuration file by entering the following command. You can restore the duplicate (apache2.backup.conf) if anything happens to the configuration file.1sudo cp /etc/apache2/apache2.conf /etc/apache2/apache2.backup.conf
2. Open Apache’s configuration file for editing by entering the following command:1sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
3. Make sure that the following values are set.

In Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, you will need to append the module section noted below to the end of your apache2.conf file:

/etc/apache2/apache2.conf

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

KeepAlive Off … <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareServers 6 MaxSpareServers 12 MaxClients 30 MaxRequestsPerChild 3000 </IfModule>

1. Save the changes to Apache’s configuration file by pressing Control + x and then pressingy. Press Enter to confirm.
2. Restart Apache to incorporate the new settings. Enter the following command:1sudo service apache2 restart

Good work! You’ve successfully optimized Apache for your Linode, increasing performance and implementing safeguards to prevent excessive resource consumption. You’re almost ready to host websites with Apache.

Configuring Name-based Virtual Hosts

Now that Apache is optimized for performance, it’s time to starting hosting one or more websites. There are several possible methods of doing this. In this section, you’ll use name-based virtual hosts to host websites in your home directory. Here’s how:

You should not be logged in as root while executing these commands. To learn how to create a new user account and log in as that user, see Adding a New User.

1. Disable the default Apache virtual host by entering the following command:1sudo a2dissite *default
2. Navigate to your /var/www directory:1cd /var/www
3. Create a folder to hold your website by entering the following command, replacing ‘example.com’ with your domain name:1sudo mkdir example.com
4. Create a set of folders inside the folder you’ve just created to store your website’s files, logs, and backups. Enter the following command, replacing example.com with your domain name:1 2 3sudo mkdir -p example.com/public_html sudo mkdir -p example.com/log sudo mkdir -p example.com/backups
5. Create the virtual host file for your website by entering the following command. Replace theexample.com in example.com.conf with your domain name:1sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf The file name must end with .conf in Apache versions 2.4 and later, which Ubuntu 14.04 uses. The .confextension is backwards-compatible with earlier versions.
6. Now it’s time to create a configuration for your virtual host. We’ve created some basic settings to get your started. Copy and paste the settings shown below in to the virtual host file you just created. Replace example.com with your domain name./etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17# domain: example.com # public: /var/www/example.com/public_html/ <VirtualHost *:80> # Admin email, Server Name (domain name), and any aliases ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.example.com ServerAlias example.com # Index file and Document Root (where the public files are located) DirectoryIndex index.html index.php DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/public_html # Log file locations LogLevel warn ErrorLog /var/www/example.com/log/error.log CustomLog /var/www/example.com/log/access.log combined </VirtualHost>
7. Save the changes to the virtual host configuration file by pressing Control + x and then pressing y. Press Enter to confirm.
8. Enable your new website by entering the following command. Replace example.com with your domain name:1 sudo a2ensite example.com.conf This creates a symbolic link to your example.com.conf file in the appropriate directory for active virtual hosts.
9. The previous command will alert you that you need to restart Apache to save the changes. Enter the following command to apply your new configuration:1sudo service apache2 restart
10. Repeat steps 1-9 for every other website you want to host on your Linode.

Congratulations! You’ve configured Apache to host one or more websites on your Linode. After you upload files and add DNS records later in this guide, your websites will be accessible to the outside world.

Database

Databases store data in a structured and easily accessible manner, serving as the foundation for hundreds of web and server applications. A variety of open source database platforms exist to meet the needs of applications running on your Linux VPS. This section will help you get started with MySQL, one of the most popular database platforms. For more information about MySQL and other databases, see our database reference manuals.

Installing MySQL

Here’s how to install and configure MySQL:

1. Install MySQL by entering the following command. Your Linode will download, install, and start the MySQL database server.1sudo apt-get install mysql-server
2. You will be prompted to enter a password for the MySQL root user. Enter a password.
3. Secure MySQL by entering the following command to open mysql_secure_installation utility:1sudo mysql_secure_installation
4. The mysql_secure_installation utility appears. Follow the instructions to remove anonymous user accounts, disable remote root login, and remove the test database.

That’s it! MySQL is now installed and running on your Linode.

Optimizing MySQL for a Linode 1GB

MySQL consumes a lot of memory when using the default configuration. To set resource constraints, you’ll need to edit the MySQL configuration file. Here’s how to optimize MySQL for a Linode 1GB:

These guidelines are designed to optimize MySQL 5.5 and up for a Linode 1GB, but you can use this information for any size Linode. If you have a larger Linode, start with these values and modify them while carefully watching for memory and performance issues.

1. Open the MySQL configuration file for editing by entering the following command:1sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
2. Comment out all lines beginning with key_buffer. This is a deprecated setting and we’ll use the correct option instead.
3. Edit following values:/etc/mysql/my.cnf1 2 3max_connections = 75 max_allowed_packet = 1M thread_stack = 128K In MySQL 5.6, you may need to add these lines as one block with [mysql] at the top. In earlier MySQL versions, there may be multiple entries for a single option so be sure to edit both lines.
4. Add the following lines to the end of my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf1 2table_open_cache = 32M key_buffer_size = 32M
5. Save the changes to MySQL’s configuration file by pressing Control + x and then pressing y.
6. Restart MySQL to save the changes. Enter the following command:1sudo service mysql restart

Now that you’ve edited the MySQL configuration file, you’re ready to start creating and importing databases.

Creating a Database

The first thing you’ll need to do in MySQL is create a database. (If you already have a database that you’d like to import, skip to Importing a Database.) Here’s how to create a database in MySQL:

1. Log in to MySQL by entering the following command and then entering the MySQL root password:1mysql -u root -p
2. Create a database by entering the following command. Replace exampleDB with your own database name:1create database exampleDB;
3. Create a new user in MySQL and then grant that user permission to access the new database by issuing the following command. Replace example_user with your username, and 5t1ck with your password:1grant all on exampleDB.* to ‘example_user’ identified by ‘5t1ck’; MySQL usernames and passwords are only used by scripts connecting to the database. They do not need to represent actual user accounts on the system.
4. Tell MySQL to reload the grant tables by issuing the following command:1flush privileges;
5. Now that you’ve created the database and granted a user permissions to the database, you can exit MySQL by entering the following command:1quit

Now you have a new database that you can use for your website. If you don’t need to import a database, go ahead and skip to PHP.

Importing a Database

If you have an existing website, you may want to import an existing database in to MySQL. It’s easy, and it allows you to have an established website up and running on your Linode in a matter of minutes. Here’s how to import a database in to MySQL:

1. Upload the database file to your Linode. See the instructions in Uploading Files.
2. Import the database by entering the following command. Replace username with your MySQL username and database_name with the database name you want to import to. You will be prompted for your MySQL password:1mysql -u username -p database_name < FILE.sql

Your database will be imported in to MySQL.

PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that allows you to produce dynamic and interactive webpages. Many popular web applications and content management systems, like WordPress and Drupal, are written in PHP. To develop or host websites using PHP, you must first install the base package and a couple of modules.

Installing PHP

Here’s how to install PHP with MySQL support:

1. Install the base PHP package by entering the following command:1sudo apt-get install php5 php-pear
2. Add MySQL support by entering the following command:1sudo apt-get install php5-mysql

Optimizing PHP for a Linode 1GB

After you install PHP, you’ll need to enable logging and tune PHP for better performance. The setting you’ll want to pay the most attention to is memory_limit, which controls how much memory is allocated to PHP. Here’s how to enable logging and optimize PHP for performance:

These guidelines are designed to optimize PHP for a Linode 1GB, but you can use this information as a starting point for any size Linode. If you have a larger Linode, you could increase the memory limit to a larger value, like 256M.

1. Open the PHP configuration files by entering the following command:1sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
2. Verify that the following values are set. All of the lines listed below should be uncommented. Be sure to remove any semi-colons (;) at the beginning of the lines./etc/php5/apache2/php.ini1 2 3 4 5 6 7max_execution_time = 30 memory_limit = 128M error_reporting = E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR display_errors = Off log_errors = On error_log = /var/log/php/error.log register_globals = Off The 128M setting for memory_limit is a general guideline. While this value should be sufficient for most websites, larger websites and some web applications may require 256 megabytes or more.
3. Save the changes by pressing Control + x and then pressing y.
4. Create the /var/log/php/ directory for the PHP error log with the following command:1sudo mkdir -p /var/log/php
5. Change the owner of the /var/log/php/ directory to www-data, which the PHP user runs as:1sudo chown www-data /var/log/php
6. Restart Apache to load the PHP module by entering the following command:1sudo service apache2 restart

Congratulations! PHP is now installed on your Linode and configured for optimal performance.

Uploading Files

You’ve successfully installed Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Now it’s time to upload a website to your Linode. This is one of the last steps before you “flip the switch” and publish your website on the Internet. Here’s how to upload files to your Linode:

1. If you haven’t done so already, download and install an SFTP capable client on your computer. We recommend using the FileZilla SFTP client.
2. Follow the instructions in the guides listed above to connect to your Linode.
3. Upload your website’s files to the /var/www/example.com/public_html directory. Replaceexample.com with your domain name.
   If you configured name-based virtual hosts, don’t forget to upload the files for the other websites to their respective directories.

If you’re using a content management system like WordPress or Drupal, you may need to configure the appropriate settings file to point the content management system at the MySQL database.

Testing

It’s a good idea to test your website(s) before you add the DNS records. This is your last chance to check everything and make sure that it looks good before it goes live. Here’s how to test your website:

1. Enter your Linode’s IP address in a web browser (e.g., type http://123.456.78.90 in the address bar, replacing the example IP address with your own.) Your website should load in the web browser.
2. If you plan on hosting multiple websites you can test the virtual hosts by editing the hosts file on your desktop computer. Check out the Previewing Websites Without DNS guide for more information.
3. Test the name-based virtual hosts by entering the domain names in the address bar of the web browser on your desktop computer. Your websites should load in the web browser.
   Remember to remove the entries for the name-based virtual hosts from your hosts file when you’re ready to test the DNS records.

Adding DNS Records

Now you need to point your domain name(s) at your Linode. This process can take a while, so please allow up to 24 hours for DNS changes to be reflected throughout the Internet. Here’s how to add DNS records:

1. Log in to the Linode Manager.
2. Click the DNS Manager tab.
3. Select the Add a domain zone link. The form shown below appears.
4. In the Domain field, enter your website’s domain name in the Domain field.
5. In the SOA Email field, enter the administrative contact email address for your domain.
6. Select the Yes, insert a few records to get me started button.
7. Click Add a Master Zone. Several DNS records will be created for your domain, as shown below.
8. Over at your domain registrar (where you bought the domain), make sure that your domain name is set to use our DNS server. Use your domain name registrar’s interface to set the name servers for your domain to the following:
   • ns1.linode.com
   • ns2.linode.com
   • ns3.linode.com
   • ns4.linode.com
   • ns5.linode.com
9. Repeat steps 1-8 for every other name-based virtual host you created earlier.

You’ve added DNS records for your website(s). Remember, DNS changes can take up to 24 hours to propagate through the Internet. Be patient! Once the DNS changes are completed, you will be able to access your website by typing the domain name in to your browser’s address bar.

Setting Reverse DNS

You’re almost finished! The last step is setting reverse DNS for your domain name. Here’s how:

1. Log in to the Linode Manager.
2. Click the Linodes tab.
3. Select your Linode.
4. Click the Remote Access tab.
5. Select the Reverse DNS link, as shown below.
6. Enter the domain in the Hostname field, as shown below.
7. Click Look up. A message appears indicating that a match has been found.
8. Click Yes.

You have set up reverse DNS for your domain name.

This guide is published under a CC BY-ND 3.0 license.

Author : Linode

Here is the trick for closing wordpress post and pages comments at once , including old ones:

For closing all comments in all post and all pages there is a easy way :

Go to CPANEL > phpmy admin > execute following code in your database(in good one !)

UPDATE wp_posts SET comment_status = ‘closed’, ping_status = ‘closed’ WHERE comment_status = ‘open’;

if you don’t know database name :

cpanel > file manager > public_html > navigate until..your site > and right click on wp-config.php > wiev !

you will see the data base name inside of this file !

SEE FOLLOWING IMAGE FOR SQL EXECUTION PROCESS !

IF ANY ERROR MESSAGE LIKE :

#1054 – Unknown column ‘‘open’’ in ‘where clause’

Paste your code first in notepad and verify    ” ‘ “  sign !!!

i tryed it in this blog and it worked !!!

Kevin Ohashi, The Founder at Review Signal published very useful post about high traffic handle with a small vps from digital Ocean. In this article he was inspired by Ewan Leith’s post 10 Million hits a day on WordPress using a $15 server.  Ewan built a server that handled 250 users/second without issue using Varnish, Nginx, PHP-APC, and W3 Total Cache.

Whoever, Kevin get this  40 million hits on a small vps hosted by Digital ocean and using  LEMP+PHP-FPM. on a ubuntu.

Here is the most detailled article about performance and optimisation of wordpress on a small vps.

Good luck for test 🙂

HERE IS THE ARTICLE :  40 Million hits a day on WordPress using a $10 VPS

AirBNB API

For accommodation related websites now there is another choice than Expedia, Booking and TripAdvisor.

• 

Now you can offer to your users  private room renting choice using AirBNB API.

What’s AirBNB ?

AirBNB is a vacation rental and room rental service that allows users to rent out their houses or rooms to travelers can search for accommodations by location to find a place to rent.

Airbnb is a global community marketplace that connects travelers seeking authentic, high-quality accommodations with hosts who offer unique places to stay.
With Airbnb, guests can access truly amazing experiences – from stays in castles to holidays in treehouses, caves, or even private islands.

The AirBNB API allows developers to access and integrate the functionality of AirBNB with other applications and to create new applications. Public documentation is not available; interested developers should sign up here: https://www.airbnb.com/developers

AIR BNB API INFORMATIONS :

AirBNB : Highlights
Summary : Vacation rental marketplace
Category : Travel
Protocols : REST
Data Formats : JSON
Air Bnb Api Informations Details  : https://tr.airbnb.com/developers

you may also be interested for:

• airbnb api
• airbnb automation
• airbnb logo

Web Platform For Financial Analysis

Thinknum is a tech startup based in New York City that is building a web platform that enables investors to collaborate on financial analysis.  Thinknum aggregates the abundance of financial data and insights on the web and presents it to our users in an intuitive format, indexing the world’s financial information in the process.

Thinknum’s cashflow engine allows users to value companies based on fundamentals just like Wall Street research analysts do.  All the assumptions that go into the valuation models are visible and editable.  The data for the models is also updated automatically when companies publish their quarterly filings.

The Time-series Analysis tool allows users to view macro-economic data and run regressions and correlations without having to write code.  Thinknum currently provides data from over 2,000 sources.

Thinknum’s  Web Platform For Financial Analysis data is available through its API.

The Thinknum financial analysis engine is an open platform meant to bring the functionality of a proprietary trading desk to the web. The Thinknum API allows users to conduct time-series analysis, run regressions, and correlations, as well as to save and share charts. Responses are JSON formatted.

ThinkNum Overview

Overview

Web Platform Financial Analysis Tool

Thinknum brings financial data from a variety of useful sources together on one platform. We use this data to develop applications. We currently support two applications – ThinkNum Plotter and ThinkNum Cashflow Model. Developers can access all of our data through our API. Our data is organized around expressions, which we describe in a later section of this article. Thinknum’s API is documented at API documentation.

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Expressions

Overview

Expressions are central to our applications and our API. Expressions allow users to reference and manipulate ThinkNum data without the need to write code. Expressions also enable third-party developers to run analysis on our servers through a simple API.

An expression is a combination of data-tickers, arithmetic operators and functions.

sma([email protected],30)-sma([email protected],30) is an example of an expression. This expression references the spread between the thirty day simple moving averages of investment grade and non-investment grade asset-backed securities’ prices.

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Data Tickers

Tickers are simply symbols associated with a data time-series. A data ticker is a generalization of the traditional stock ticker: goog is a stock ticker that can be used to pull up Google’s stock price, while [email protected] is a data-ticker that can be used to pull up Google’s quarterly revenue. You can browse the 10 million data-tickers we currently index atThinkNum.com/symbolsView.

One drawback to referencing data using tickers, as opposed to free-form names in a natural language such as English, is the initial hurdle new users face in familiarizing themselves with the chosen symbology. In our view, this initial cost is minuscule when compared with the power data-tickers unleash by allowing users to analyze data without having to write code. Our users typically do not interact with data-tickers directly but rather use tickers in the context of interactive applications.

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Operators

Classic arithmetic operators can be used to manipulate Thinknum time-series data. For example, in order to reference the two year ten year spread, a user need only type [email protected]@2yr. ThinkNum pulls up both time-series, joins them based on their respective dates and subtracts the values on each date to come up with the correct output.

In general, operators and data-tickers can be arbitrarily combined. Thinknum.com/CashFlowModel is an application that demonstrates the value of operators in more involved use-cases.

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Functions

Functions are used to encapsulate one or more computational operations. In order to use a function, a user needs to specify the function name, and, optionally, arguments or parameters. An example is correl([email protected], [email protected]) which is a function used to compute the Pearson correlation between 2 time-series, in this case – the 2 year interest rate and 10 year interest rate. For documentation of the functions we currently support, please see Thinknum.com/functions

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Applications

Plotter

The plotter is used to display the data associated with a particular expression as a chart. Users can format the chart and save their settings. Each saved chart is associated with a unique chart ID. The chartId can be used to reference the formatted chart at a permanent URL as shown at Thinknum.com/?chartId=3 Charts can be embedded in iframes as shown atThinknum.com/embed/?chartId=3. Users can organize multiple saved charts in sets. For example, I organized the various metrics I track to gauge home prices at Home Price Indicators.

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Cash Flow Model

Given a ticker, this application can be used to compute the intrinsic value of the associated company. Financial Model of Google is an example which computes the intrinsic value of Google. The model pulls historical data for the balance sheet, income statement and statement of cashflows from corporate filings. Based on the specified growth assumptions, the model projects cashflows that would accrue to equity investors. Finally the intrinsic value of the company is computed by discounting the cashflows at the appropriate discount rate. Using this application, users can build models for multiple companies as opposed to traditional spreadsheet models where the hard-coded data must be updated manually.

Users can view and change all of the formulae used in the model and no longer need to rely on buy/sell recommendations from stock brokers and Wall Street analysts who refuse to disclose their opaque proprietary models. Models can be saved online, downloaded into spreadsheets and uploaded from spreadsheets.